Method of forming continuous bands



0. H. BAKER.

METHOD OF FORMING CONTINUOUS BANDS. I

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 16. 1916.

1,332,592. Patented Mar. 2,1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET x:

' 0. H. BAKER.

METHOD OF FORMING CONTINUOUS BANDS.

APPLICATIQN FILED MAR. I6. 1915.

1,332,592. Patented Mar. 2,1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- 0. H. BAKER. METH 0D.0F FORMING commuous BANDS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 16. 1916.

1,332,592. Patentd Mar. 2,1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

01min H. BAKER; or on rcnco, rnmivorsa METHOD or FORMING oommuo'us Bnn'ns.

Specification of Letters Patent;

Patented Mar. 2', 1920".

Application filed- March 16, 1916. SeriaL'No. 84,542;

To all'wh om it-may concern:

Be it known that I, ORRLN H. BAKER, a citizenof theUnited States, and resident of Chicago, the county of Cook and- State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Forming Continuous Bands, of which the following is aspecification- My inventionrelates to a method of main ufacturing. endless bands of a given dimension Without welding or brazing by means of pressing, forging and rolling;

Itis frequently desired to provide bands of metal, and particularly of such metals as are not readily welded, such as copper, bronze, etc., and the practice heretofore has been unsatisfactory because of the relatively great loss: or Waste in metal.-

An object in the present method is to so form endless bands that'there is comparatively no loss or Waste, and to complete such operations Without the use of expensive tools or equipment.

For the purpose of avoiding conflict in termsand description, the blank will hereinafter be referred to as follows: The dimension A will be its length, the dimension B- its depth and the dimension C its width. It willbe seen, as hereinafter described, that the completed band is; formed by displaoing the metal in the middleof its width, thereby increasing the depth, the length remaining the same: It hasbeen found diflicult, if not impossible,- to displace the entire body of metal at this point, and there is, therefore, a film or Web of metal remaining which must be punched out,- this being. the only metal which is, lost inthe process. After this, film of metal has beenremoved the metal is redistributed somewhat in order to supply the requisite quantity where needed. The blank is then inthe form of a substantially rectangular body of metal: having a transverse slot therethrough, whereupon: a pointed tool is insertedfin the slot and the'blankexpand ed into circular form. In this condition it is mounted between a pair of rolls and elongated, or, in other' words, its diameter in- V creased and its contour perfected". To complete the operation, the ring or band is then placed in suitable sizing dies in order to bring the same" to exact dimensions.-

The method will be better understood by reference to the accompanying. drawings,

wherein are shown certain forms of apparatus arranged to carry out the invention.

In the drawings:

Figure 1- is a diagrammatic view of a unchor shear wherein a' bar is sheared into blanks havingv the required contour Fig. 2' shows one view of the blank so formed; 1

F ig, 3 is another View thereof;

Fig. 4D is a View similar toFig. 1, showing the next operation on the blank;

Fig. 5 is a plan view ofthe blank after the operation of Fig. 4; n

Fig. 6 is a view of the blank after having been removed from the dies of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 1*, showing the next operation;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the blank F ig. 9' is an elevation of the blank after the operation of Fig.- 7;

Fig. 10- is; a view of a press wherein the next operation is carried out;

Fig. 11: is a plan View of the blank after the operation of F ig. 10;

Fig. 12 is an elevation of the same;

Fig. 13is a sectional view of the blanlton' the line 13-13 of Fig. 12;

Fig. lat is a view of the apparatus wherein the next step of theoperation is carried out, the view" being taken before the plunger has descended;

Fig. 15' is a view of the plunger taken at right angles tOtllZtt of Fig 14;

Figs 16 and 17 are plan and sectional views respectively of theband after the op" eration of Fig. 14:;

Fig. l8 is a view of the rolls wherein: the

next; operation isflcarried out,

Figs: 1 9 and 20 are'plan, and sectional views respectively of the blank after the been difiic'ult heretofore to" form' endless bands without c'onsiderable' loss or." waste, due-to the largeamounflof scrap. Furthermoregcopper flows readily and lends itself to the operations hereinafter described.

In the operations contemplated, I providea bar 10' of copper, which is" of rectangular" shape in cross section and of slightly greater" less bandof copper with a loss in scrap of width than thickness. This is placed between dies having such configuration that a blank 11 will be produced, shaped as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. As heretofore explained, to avoid confusion of terms, the length of the blank will be considered as the dimension A, the height or depth B and the width C. It will be noted that the ends of the blank are rounded; that is, the two flat sides of the blank are curved at their ends, while the blank in elevation when standing on its narrow edge, as in Fig. 3, is in the form of a rectangle. In the operation of Fig. 4 the metal at the axis of the blank, when resting on its narrow edge, is displaced by means of suitable dies, the displaced metal flowing vertically around the upper die and serving to increase the depth of the blank. It is not practical to displace the entire central portion of the metal, a film or thin web 12 of metal remaining. In the operation of Fig. 7 this web is punched out, thus leaving a fiat endless band of metal as indicated in Figs. 8 and 9.

In the later operations considerable strain will be exerted on the metal, and I, therefore, consider it essential to dispose the metal of the bandin such manner as to equalize that strain. This is done in the dies shown in Fig. 10, thereby producing the blank best shown in Figs. 11 to 13, wherein the band is concaved on its flat sides'and at its ends is reversely arranged. WVhen the band is spread by the tool 13, shown in Figs.

' 14 and 15, the metal will be disposed in such manner as to equalize strains, and an endless band will be formed shaped as shown in Figs. 16 and 17. Preferably, however, this band will be of considerably less size than the finished article, the diameter bein increased by placing the thus formed and between rolls 14, 15, both of which are positively driven and the upper of which is adapted for movement toward and from the lower through the medium of the operating gear 16. Upon rotation of the rolls, the metal of the band is caused to flow, the cross section being reduced and the diameter of the band increased, thereby producing a band such as shown in Figs. 19 and 20. As

accuracy cannot be expected in the rolling device shown in Fig. 18, I preferably provide the sizing dies shown in Fig. 21, in which the finishing operation is carried out.

It may, however, be found desirable, or necessary, to machine the bands when exact dimensions are required. This feature, however, does not enter into my invention.

-It will be seen that by the method just described I am enabled to produce an endonly the web or film 12, as shown in Fig. 6. This represents a very small amount of the total -metal, and, in fact,'is less than five per cent.

The exact steps herein referred to are not essential and the order of the steps, may be changed somewhat, all without departure from the scope of my claims.

I claim:

1. The method of forming endless metal bands without welding, which consists in taking a substantially oblong blank and sup porting the same throughout its bottom and opposite vertical sides and ends, displacing a portion of the middle of the blank by applying pressure centrally to the top of the blank while supporting the other sides and ends thereof and permitting the displaced metal to rise, the pressure being discontin ued before a hole has been formed entirely through the blank, thereby forming a cupshaped blank, punching out the bottom of the cup-shaped blank while supporting the sides and ends of the blank and the bottom thereof around the part to be punched out, removing the support from the vertical sides and ends of the blank, and expanding the blank by internal pressure into circular form.

2. The method of forming endless metal bands without welding, which consists in taking asubstantially oblong blank and supporting the same throughout its bottom and opposite vertical sides and ends, displacing a portion of the middle of the blank while supporting the other sides and ends thereof and'permitting the displaced metal to rise, the pressure being discontinued before a hole has been formed entirely through the blank, thereby forming a cup-shaped blank, punching out the bottom of the cup-shaped blank while supporting the sides and ends of the blank and the bottom thereof around the part to be punched out, removing the support from the vertical sides and ends of the blank, expanding the blank by internal pressure into circular form, rolling the circular blank to increase its diameter, and then die-forging the circular blank to shape.

3. The method of forming endless metal bands without welding, which consists in taking a substantially oblong blank and confining the blank at its periphery, supporting the blank throughout one side thereof, applying pressure centrally to the opposite side of the blank while confining the blank at its periphery and thereby displacing a portion of the center of the blank and giving the blank a cup shape, punching out the back wall of the cup-shaped blank while confining the blank at its periphery and supporting the same around the part to be punched out, and then expanding the blank by internal pressure into the form of a ring.

4. The method of forming metal blanks without welding which consists in producing a substantially oblong shaped blank, supporting the blank throughout one longitudinal side thereof, applying pressure centrally to the opposite longitudinal side of the blank While confining the blank at its periphery and forcing a part of the blank rearvvardly around the periphery thereof and giving the blank a cup shape, punching out the back Wall of the cup-shaped blank While confining the blank at its periphery and supporting the same around the part to be punched out, and subjecting the blank to internal pressure to give it a ring shape.

5. The herein described process of manufacturing from an elongated blank, a circular ring having its Wall substantially homogeneous throughout, the same consisting in subjecting the ends of the blank to pressure to round said ends, the pressure being exerted in a direction at substantially right angles to the axes of the rounded ends, providing the blank with a slit substantially parallelto said axes and having rounded ends substantially concentric With the rounded ends of the blank, and then bending the sides and the rounded ends of the slitted blank into substantially circular form, substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. The herein described process of manufacturing from an elongated. blank, a circular ring having its Wall substantially homogeneous throughout, the same consisting in rounding the ends of the elongated blank in arcs concentric with spaced apart axes substantially parallel with the lengthwise axis of the finishing ring, forming in the blank a slit substantially parallel to said axis and having rounded ends substantially concentric With the rounded ends of the blank and extending from one face of the blank to a point in proximity to the opposite face, by applying pressure upon a portion of one face of the blank While rigidly supporting the other face and the sides and ends of the blank, removing the portion of the blank at the bottom of the slit therein, and then bending the sides and the ends of the slitted elongated blank into substantially circular form, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7, The herein described process of manufacturing from an elongated blank, a circular ring having its Wall substantially homogeneous' throughout, the same consisting in subjecting the ends of the blank to pressure to round said ends, the pressure being exerted in a direction atsubstantially right angles to the axes of the rounded ends, forming in the blank a slit substantially parallel to said axes and having rounded ends substantially concentric with the rounded ends of the blank and extending from one face of the blank to a point in proximity to the opposite face, by applying pressure upon a portion of one face of the blank While rigidly supporting the other face and the sides and ends of the blank, removing the portion of the blank at the bottom of the slit therein, and then bending the sides and the ends of the slitted elongated blank into substantially circular form, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 11th day of March, 1916.

ORRIN H. BAKER.

Witnesses:

T. D. BUTLER, H. C. JACOBS. 

